by Karen F. Redmond
Family Law Lawyer
I am involved in an interesting case this week where the husband is applying to reduce his spousal support. The case has raised a number of interesting issues which I will post more about this week. The first question is whether the income of the husband's common law wife is relevant to the application for cancellation or reduction of spousal support.
Family Law Lawyer
I am involved in an interesting case this week where the husband is applying to reduce his spousal support. The case has raised a number of interesting issues which I will post more about this week. The first question is whether the income of the husband's common law wife is relevant to the application for cancellation or reduction of spousal support.
The answer to the question of
whether a new spouse's income is relevant, in short, is yes, for both the
recipient and the payor, in different ways, and of course it depends on the
particular facts of the case and whether the application is for a change in
child or spousal support.
It is fair to say, however, that income
from a payor’s new spouse is relevant to a determination of support owing to a
former spouse. I looked at a few cases including:
- Chevalier v. Chevalier, 1993 CanLII 4475 (NS SC) (child and spousal support variation application) Chevalier v. Chevalier
- Redpath v. Redpath, 2008 BCSC 68 (child and spousal support variation application) Redpath v. Redpath
- Rakose v Rakose, 2008 BCSC 1165 (application to vary spousal support) Rakose v. Rakose
- Moreau v. Fliesen, 2008 BCSC 1358 (application to vary child support) Moreau v. Fliesen
- Chalmers v. Chalmers, 2009 BCSC 517 (application to vary spousal support) Chalmers v. Chalmers
These cases say that the new spouses
either are, or should be, contributing to the household expenses thus making
more money available to the payor for payment of support. I found it
particularly interesting that in the Chevalier
case the Judge even included the unemployment insurance of the new common law
spouse as part of the payor’s household income. The cases I read all say,
in a nutshell, when the court considers an application to end spousal
support and to vary child support, it should consider the earning capacity
of the parties and the means of any new spouse.
For the recipient, re marriage will also be looked at by the
Courts but not necessarily in the same way. For example in L.J.Z v. J.A.Z 2014
BCJ No. 1925 the 61 year old husband applied to cancel spousal support based
on the wife’s re marriage. The parties had been married for 29 years and
the wife was 55 years old and had been receiving support for only 4 and a
half years at the time of the application. The wife successfully
argued that since the original order contained compensatory elements, the
husband had not met the obligation of compensating her for the economic
consequences of the marriage breakdown.
From paragraph
57: “If the evidence shows the recipient spouse's circumstances
have materially changed to the extent they no longer need financial support to
achieve a standard of living that approximates what they enjoyed during the
marriage, absent a compensatory basis for the award, attachment to the payor
spouse's income can no longer be justified. In the present case, therefore,
the wife's remarriage and the resulting financial benefits she receives from it
become relevant to determining whether she still needs financial support to
allow her to maintain the marital standard of living. And paragraph
58: "The parties divided the family assets equally. Therefore,
to the extent that the wife is entitled to compensation for economic
disadvantages she sustained and the economic advantages the husband gained
arising from the marital relationship, it must come through a spousal support
order, whether lump sum or periodic." Paragraph 59:
"As noticed earlier, the wife acknowledged in her affidavit that the
support order contained both compensatory and non-compensatory consideration.
As is most often the case, however, the order does not divide the support
amount into compensatory and non-compensatory parts. In my opinion, the most
practical way in this case to address that is to determine a percentage
reasonably representative of the weight of evidence supporting a compensatory
amount. This at least would be a useful starting point……" The Judge went on to consider the evidence
provided by the parties and found that there were both compensatory and non
compensatory elements to the original support order.
Even if the support
is based also solely on non compensatory grounds, the Courts still consider the
means and needs of the parties. For
example, Aujla v. Singh, [2012] ONSC 5217 Aujla v. Singh and a line of Ontario cases including Pindur
v. Pindur, [2015] O.J. No. 1598 provide direction in non-compensatory cases
that involve disabled recipients. In both the Aujla and Pindur cases,
the marriages were under ten years and the husbands were both able bodied and
the wives became disabled during the marriage and unable to work. Neither
cases contained strong components of compensatory support. The Courts, in
relying on Bracklow v. Bracklow, [1999] S.C.J. No. 14, said that the
cases give rise to entitlement by a disabled spouse regardless of the absence
of a compensatory claim (cited at paragraph 39 of Aujla). In the Bracklow
case the marriage was only 7 years and the wife became totally disabled from
working. She was unable to establish any compensatory basis for her claim
and although the British Columbia Court of Appeal dismissed her appeal, the
Supreme Court of Canada allowed her appeal stating that her claim could be
maintained on a non-compensatory basis, at paragraph 48:
Divorce ends the marriage. Yet in
some circumstances the law may require that a healthy party continue to support
a disabled party, absent a contractual or compensatory entitlement.
Justice and considerations of fairness may demand no less……….
At paragraph 31:
…. It places the primary burden of
support for a needy partner who cannot attain post marital self-sufficiency on
the partners to the relationship, rather than on the state, recognizing the
potential injustice of foisting a helpless former partner onto the public
assistance rolls.
In the Aujla
case, the wife had not given up any part of her career to further the
applicant’s interests and until she became disabled she was gainfully
employed. She lost her job because of her disability not because of her
marriage (para 45). At paragraph 55 the Court said, “notwithstanding that
the Guidelines suggest a maximum duration of spousal support of five years, I
will order the applicant to pay spousal support for an indefinite period,
subject only to variation based on a material change in circumstances.”
Counsel for the wife argued for indefinite support on the basis that the
payments should be based on her need, because of her disability, saying, “anything
less will leave her destitute. Apart from spousal support, her income is
fixed and is entirely beyond her control. In addition, her expenses are
entirely beyond her control, and indeed they are relatively modest.
Anything less than the amount she has requested will means that she will be in
poverty, and cannot live with any dignity.”
As always, speak to a family law lawyer about the particular facts of your case, but it seems, that from the perspective of the Courts, spousal support is an obligation that you can't easily contract out of, especially if you have a disabled spouse.
FOOTNOTE: in Court last week Mr. Justice Leask found that the income of the payer's new spouse was relevant and he was not prepared to hear the application without the information. If we get a written decision I will post.
Karen F. Redmond
FOOTNOTE: in Court last week Mr. Justice Leask found that the income of the payer's new spouse was relevant and he was not prepared to hear the application without the information. If we get a written decision I will post.
Karen F. Redmond
